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Clinical Hematology Overview

Clinical Hematology is the study of blood cells and coagulation.

This section covers the morphology of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Interns should focus on identifying common abnormalities such as microcytic anemia and leukocytosis in peripheral blood smears.

Laboratory Safety & SOPs

All laboratory personnel must adhere to universal precautions.

This includes the mandatory use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as lab coats, gloves, and face shields. Proper disposal of bio-hazardous waste in designated sharps container and autoclave bags is essential for infection control.

Chemical Pathology Reference Ranges

Reference ranges are critical for the interpretation of patient results. This guide provides the standard values for Electrolytes, Urea, and Creatinine (EUC), as well as Liver Function Test (LFTs). Always ensure the biochemistry analyzer is calibrated against known standards before processing daily samples.

Microbiology Staining Techniques

Gram staining remains the gold standard for preliminary bacterial identification. This resource details the four-step process: Primary Stain (Crystal Violet), Mordant (Iodine), Decolorizer (Alcohol), and Counterstain (Safranin). Accuracy in heat - fixing is vital for maintaining cell wall integrity.

"The accuracy of a laboratory result begins at the pre-analytical stage. Proper patient identification and sample collection are the foundation of a correct diagnostic."